Research Reference Framework

Research Reference Framework

Using SFR in simulation research.

This document explains how researchers can reference the SFR framework in their work. It covers pilot studies, validation studies, rehabilitation studies, and human performance studies. It includes suggested citation language and clarifies what the framework does and does not claim in a research context.

Using SFR in Research


The SFR framework provides researchers with a classification vocabulary for simulation systems based on structural properties rather than manufacturer names or subjective fidelity judgments. This serves two functions in research: it allows researchers to describe their study subjects with precision, and it allows readers of published work to understand whether the simulation system used in one study is structurally comparable to systems used in other studies.

SFR is a proposed standard in active development (v0.9 Draft). It has not been ratified by a named governance authority and has not been peer-reviewed as part of the framework publication process. Researchers who reference SFR should clearly identify its current status. The framework does not imply institutional endorsement of any researcher's findings, nor does a researcher's use of SFR terminology imply endorsement of the framework by their institution.

Status note for researchers: SFR v0.9 Draft is a proposed standard. It is available for reference and application in research. It is not a peer-reviewed publication. References to SFR should identify it as a proposed framework with version designation (v0.9 Draft, June 2026) and should not characterize it as a ratified or formally adopted standard.

Pilot Studies


Study Type — Pilot Study

Establishing Simulation Subject Classification

How SFR Is Used

In pilot studies that involve simulation equipment, SFR classification provides a structural description of the simulation subject that is independent of manufacturer designation. A pilot study that classifies its simulator as Surface-Level under SFR criteria is providing reviewers with actionable information about the system's structural properties, regardless of what the manufacturer calls the system.

What to Document

  • SFR classification of the simulator (In-the-Loop / Surface-Level / Out-of-the-Loop)
  • Evidence basis for the classification (Tier 1/2/3)
  • Which criteria produced Pass, Fail, or Insufficient Data
  • SFR version referenced (v0.9 Draft)

Validation Studies


Study Type — Validation Study

Transfer of Training and Fidelity Classification

How SFR Is Used

Validation studies examining transfer of training from simulation to real-world performance can use SFR classification as the independent variable defining the study cohort's training environment. Comparing transfer of training outcomes between In-the-Loop and Surface-Level classified systems requires that both systems be classified using the same framework and criteria. SFR provides that framework.

What to Document

  • Classification of each simulation system used
  • Criterion-level outcomes (A, B, C) for each system
  • Evidence tier used for each criterion assessment
  • Whether optional inputs were available
  • System configuration at time of evaluation

Rehabilitation Studies


Study Type — Rehabilitation / Clinical Research

Fidelity Classification for Patient Safety Research

How SFR Is Used

Rehabilitation research involving simulation can use SFR classification to describe the sensory conflict profile of the simulation environment used in the study. The SFR Medical Risk Framework and Neurological Reserve documents provide supplementary analysis of sensory conflict mechanisms relevant to neurologically sensitive populations. These documents are informative references, not clinical guidelines.

What to Document

  • SFR classification of the simulation environment
  • Relevant participant population characteristics
  • Screening procedures applied
  • Reference to SFR Medical Risk Framework if used as part of screening rationale
The SFR Medical Risk Framework is an informative reference document. It is not clinical guidance, does not constitute medical advice, and does not replace the judgment of qualified medical professionals for individual patient assessment.

Human Performance Studies


Study Type — Human Performance Research

SFR Classification as a Controlled Variable

How SFR Is Used

Human performance studies that compare performance across different simulation environments benefit from a consistent classification variable. SFR classification allows study designs to control for fidelity class — ensuring that performance differences attributed to other variables are not confounded by uncontrolled differences in the simulation environment's structural properties.

What to Document

  • SFR classification of each simulation environment
  • Criterion-level Pass/Fail/Insufficient Data per environment
  • Evidence basis used for classification
  • SFR version (v0.9 Draft, June 2026)

Suggested Citation Language


The following language is provided as a starting point for researchers who want to describe their use of SFR in their methods or discussion sections. Researchers should adapt this language to their specific context and disciplinary citation conventions. The specific citation format is defined in the Citation Guidelines.

Suggested methods language — simulation subject description:
The simulation system used in this study was classified against the Simulation Fidelity Rating (SFR) framework (v0.9 Draft, June 2026), a proposed standard for evaluating simulation systems based on structural properties. The system was assessed against the three fundamental criteria: Causative Accuracy (Criterion A), Temporal Coherence (Criterion B), and Human Response Relevance (Criterion C). Classification was determined to be [In-the-Loop / Surface-Level / Out-of-the-Loop] based on [Tier 1 measured telemetry / Tier 2 architecture documentation / combined evidence].
Suggested language — acknowledging framework status:
SFR is referenced here as a proposed standard (v0.9 Draft) and has not been formally ratified by a named governance authority at the time of this study. Its use in this context is to provide a structured, reproducible basis for describing the fidelity class of the simulation environment. This does not constitute endorsement of the framework by [author institution] or validation of the framework by this study.

For formal citation format in references sections, see Citation Guidelines.

Researchers are encouraged to use SFR classification and terminology in their work. Doing so contributes to the shared vocabulary that enables cross-study comparison and ultimately supports the framework's advancement toward a formal standard.

Classification Enables Comparison

The value of a classification framework in research is that it makes study subjects comparable across studies. When two research teams use the same classification system to describe their simulation subjects, a reader can determine whether the systems used are structurally comparable — and therefore whether the results are likely to generalize across both. Without a shared classification framework, every study's simulation environment is described only by manufacturer designation, and cross-study comparison requires assumptions about comparability that may not hold.

SFR does not tell researchers what to study. It gives them a vocabulary for describing what they studied precisely enough that others can replicate, compare, and build on their findings.